1. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Persistently elevated blood pressure can strain the heart and damage blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease.

2. High Cholesterol (Dyslipidaemia)

Elevated LDL cholesterol can contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries, narrowing blood flow and increasing the risk of coronary artery disease.

3. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Coronary artery disease occurs when the blood vessels supplying the heart become narrowed or blocked, potentially causing chest pain, breathlessness, or a heart attack.

4. Diabetes and High Blood Sugar

Diabetes can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and other cardiovascular complications.

5. Obesity and Excess Body Weight

Excess body weight can increase the likelihood of hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and other conditions that affect heart health.

6. Smoking and Tobacco Use

Smoking damages blood vessels, promotes plaque formation, and increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

7. Family History of Heart Disease

A family history of premature cardiovascular disease may increase your risk, making early risk assessment and preventive screening particularly important.

8. Physical Inactivity and Unhealthy Lifestyle

A sedentary lifestyle, an unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and inadequate sleep may contribute to cardiovascular risk.

9. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Peripheral artery disease develops when arteries supplying the limbs become narrowed, often causing leg pain while walking. It can also indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

10. Age-Related Cardiovascular Risk

The risk of cardiovascular disease generally increases with age. Regular assessment can help identify emerging risk factors and guide preventive care.